As climate change intensifies globally, effectively managing public perceptions of climate-related threats becomes increasingly vital for climate adaptation strategies. Resilience is a key factor shaping individuals’ climate threat perception; however, limited attention has been paid to how the inconsistency between resilience at the household and community levels may influence this perception. This study employs multilevel response surface analysis to examine how consistency and inconsistency between household resilience and community resilience are associated with individual climate change threat perception. Utilizing data from 112,339 individuals spanning rural, town, and urban contexts across 142 countries, our findings indicate that higher consistency between household resilience and community resilience significantly reduces perceived climate change threats. When household resilience exceeds community resilience, it is associated with increased threat perception. These relationships differ notably by urbanization context, with rural residents demonstrating stronger sensitivity to resilience consistency, while urban and town residents are particularly responsive to resilience divergence.